Question 1: Which of the following is a sedimentary rock?
A) Granite
B) Basalt
C) Limestone
D) Gneiss
Answer: C) Limestone
Explanation: Limestone is a sedimentary rock formed mainly from calcium carbonate deposits.
Question 2: The main constituent of cement is:
A) Gypsum
B) Silica
C) Lime
D) Alumina
Answer: C) Lime
Explanation: Lime (CaO) is the major component (60–65%) in cement, providing strength.
Question 3: Which brick is considered best for construction?
A) First-class brick
B) Second-class brick
C) Third-class brick
D) Jhama brick
Answer: A) First-class brick
Explanation: First-class bricks are well-burnt, uniform in shape, and strong in compressive strength.
Question 4: Which test is performed to check the strength of cement?
A) Vicat test
B) Le Chatelier test
C) Soundness test
D) Compressive strength test
Answer: D) Compressive strength test
Explanation: The compressive strength test determines the load-bearing capacity of cement.
Question 5: The most commonly used seasoning method of timber is:
A) Natural seasoning
B) Kiln seasoning
C) Chemical seasoning
D) Water seasoning
Answer: B) Kiln seasoning
Explanation: Kiln seasoning is quicker and more controlled than natural seasoning.
Question 6: Which aggregate is preferred for high-strength concrete?
A) Rounded aggregate
B) Angular aggregate
C) Flaky aggregate
D) Elongated aggregate
Answer: B) Angular aggregate
Explanation: Angular aggregates provide better interlocking and strength.
Question 7: Pozzolana is:
A) Hydraulic cement
B) Natural or artificial siliceous material
C) Type of lime
D) Type of gypsum
Answer: B) Natural or artificial siliceous material
Explanation: Pozzolana reacts with lime in presence of water to form cementitious compounds.
Question 8: Which stone is best suitable for road metal?
A) Sandstone
B) Granite
C) Slate
D) Marble
Answer: B) Granite
Explanation: Granite is hard and durable, hence used for road construction.
Question 9: Gypsum is added in cement to:
A) Increase setting time
B) Decrease setting time
C) Increase strength
D) Improve color
Answer: A) Increase setting time
Explanation: Gypsum prevents flash setting by controlling hydration of C3A.
Question 10: Which material has the highest compressive strength?
A) Brick
B) Wood
C) Steel
D) Stone
Answer: C) Steel
Explanation: Steel has very high compressive and tensile strength compared to other materials.
Question 11: Slaked lime is chemically:
A) CaO
B) Ca(OH)₂
C) CaCO₃
D) CaSO₄
Answer: B) Ca(OH)₂
Explanation: Slaked lime is calcium hydroxide formed by adding water to quicklime.
Question 12: The main constituent of glass is:
A) Lime
B) Silica
C) Alumina
D) Soda
Answer: B) Silica
Explanation: Silica (SiO₂) is the primary ingredient in glass manufacturing.
Question 13: Which is the heaviest building stone?
A) Granite
B) Laterite
C) Basalt
D) Sandstone
Answer: A) Granite
Explanation: Granite is dense and heavy with high crushing strength.
Question 14: Soundness of cement is tested by:
A) Vicat apparatus
B) Le Chatelier apparatus
C) Blaine’s apparatus
D) Compressive machine
Answer: B) Le Chatelier apparatus
Explanation: Le Chatelier test determines the unsoundness caused by excess lime or magnesia.
Question 15: The percentage of alumina in good brick earth should be:
A) 5–10%
B) 20–30%
C) 50–60%
D) 70–80%
Answer: B) 20–30%
Explanation: Alumina provides plasticity to brick earth.
Question 16: The initial setting time of cement should not be less than:
A) 15 minutes
B) 30 minutes
C) 45 minutes
D) 60 minutes
Answer: B) 30 minutes
Explanation: According to IS code, minimum initial setting time of cement is 30 minutes.
Question 17: Fly ash is a:
A) Waste product of steel industry
B) Waste product of thermal power plants
C) By-product of aluminum plants
D) None
Answer: B) Waste product of thermal power plants
Explanation: Fly ash is obtained from combustion of coal in power plants.
Question 18: Which timber defect is caused by fungi?
A) Knots
B) Twisting
C) Dry rot
D) Shakes
Answer: C) Dry rot
Explanation: Dry rot is caused by fungal attack, making wood brittle.
Question 19: Which test checks the workability of concrete?
A) Compressive test
B) Slump test
C) Impact test
D) Soundness test
Answer: B) Slump test
Explanation: Slump test is the simplest test to measure workability of concrete.
Question 20: Which is not a good building stone property?
A) Hardness
B) Toughness
C) Porosity
D) Durability
Answer: C) Porosity
Explanation: Higher porosity decreases strength and durability of stone.
Question 21: Which stone is commonly used for making millstones?
A) Granite
B) Basalt
C) Sandstone
D) Laterite
Answer: C) Sandstone
Explanation: Sandstone is used for millstones due to its rough surface.
Question 22: The main ingredient of Portland cement is:
A) Clay + Gypsum
B) Lime + Silica
C) Alumina + Iron oxide
D) Magnesia + Gypsum
Answer: B) Lime + Silica
Explanation: Lime and silica are the major constituents of Portland cement.
Question 23: Which lime is most suitable for whitewashing?
A) Quick lime
B) Slaked lime
C) Hydraulic lime
D) Kankar lime
Answer: B) Slaked lime
Explanation: Slaked lime gives smooth finish and whiteness.
Question 24: Marble is:
A) Igneous rock
B) Metamorphic rock
C) Sedimentary rock
D) Artificial stone
Answer: B) Metamorphic rock
Explanation: Marble is obtained by metamorphism of limestone.
Question 25: Which is used as a retarder in cement?
A) Lime
B) Gypsum
C) Silica
D) Alumina
Answer: B) Gypsum
Explanation: Gypsum delays the setting of cement to allow proper work.
Question 26: Laterite stone is best used for:
A) Foundation work
B) Ornamental work
C) Road construction
D) Water tanks
Answer: A) Foundation work
Explanation: Laterite is porous but strong, used in foundations and walls.
Question 27: The crushing strength of a good building stone should be at least:
A) 10 N/mm²
B) 35 N/mm²
C) 100 N/mm²
D) 200 N/mm²
Answer: B) 35 N/mm²
Explanation: Stones with strength less than 35 N/mm² are not suitable for structural works.
Question 28: Good quality cement when rubbed between fingers should feel:
A) Coarse
B) Smooth
C) Sticky
D) Grainy
Answer: B) Smooth
Explanation: Fineness of cement makes it smooth.
Question 29: Plywood is made by:
A) Chemical treatment of timber
B) Gluing thin veneers with grains at right angles
C) Pressing sawdust
D) Seasoning timber
Answer: B) Gluing thin veneers with grains at right angles
Explanation: Cross-graining in plywood improves strength and reduces warping.
Question 30: The standard size of a modular brick in India is:
A) 190 × 90 × 90 mm
B) 200 × 100 × 100 mm
C) 230 × 110 × 75 mm
D) 300 × 150 × 100 mm
Answer: A) 190 × 90 × 90 mm
Explanation: With mortar thickness, it becomes 200 × 100 × 100 mm.
Question 31: Best variety of sand for plastering is:
A) River sand
B) Sea sand
C) Desert sand
D) Crushed sand
Answer: A) River sand
Explanation: River sand is fine and clean, best for plastering.
Question 32: The standard consistency of cement is:
A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 35%
D) 45%
Answer: C) 35%
Explanation: Standard consistency is the water percentage required to form a paste of normal viscosity.
Question 33: Which stone is used in making Taj Mahal?
A) Sandstone
B) Marble
C) Granite
D) Slate
Answer: B) Marble
Explanation: White marble was extensively used in Taj Mahal.
Question 34: Bulking of sand is maximum at about:
A) 2% moisture content
B) 4% moisture content
C) 8% moisture content
D) 12% moisture content
Answer: B) 4% moisture content
Explanation: At about 4% moisture, bulking of sand is maximum.
Question 35: Which cement is suitable for underwater construction?
A) PPC
B) Quick setting cement
C) Low heat cement
D) High alumina cement
Answer: B) Quick setting cement
Explanation: Quick setting cement is useful in underwater works and grouting.
Question 36: Which stone is commonly used for roofing in hill areas?
A) Marble
B) Slate
C) Sandstone
D) Granite
Answer: B) Slate
Explanation: Slate can be easily split into thin sheets, suitable for roofing.
Question 37: The chemical formula of gypsum is:
A) CaSO₄
B) CaSO₄·2H₂O
C) CaCO₃
D) Ca(OH)₂
Answer: B) CaSO₄·2H₂O
Explanation: Gypsum is hydrated calcium sulphate.
Question 38: Which is the most commonly used admixture in concrete?
A) Retarder
B) Accelerator
C) Plasticizer
D) Air entraining agent
Answer: C) Plasticizer
Explanation: Plasticizers improve workability of concrete without increasing water content.
Question 39: Hydraulic lime is obtained from:
A) Pure limestone
B) Kankar
C) Dolomitic limestone
D) Argillaceous limestone
Answer: D) Argillaceous limestone
Explanation: Hydraulic lime is produced by limestone containing clay impurities.
Question 40: Bitumen is derived from:
A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Wood
D) Tar
Answer: B) Petroleum
Explanation: Bitumen is a petroleum product, used for road surfacing.
Question 41: The compressive strength of first-class brick should not be less than:
A) 3.5 N/mm²
B) 7 N/mm²
C) 10 N/mm²
D) 14 N/mm²
Answer: D) 14 N/mm²
Explanation: IS code specifies minimum strength for first-class bricks as 14 N/mm².
Question 42: The hardest natural stone is:
A) Granite
B) Diamond
C) Quartzite
D) Basalt
Answer: B) Diamond
Explanation: Diamond is the hardest natural stone (10 on Mohs scale).
Question 43: The main purpose of providing frog in a brick is:
A) To reduce weight
B) To form a key for mortar
C) To make handling easier
D) To improve appearance
Answer: B) To form a key for mortar
Explanation: Frog holds mortar and provides better bond.
Question 44: The fire resistance of concrete depends on:
A) Type of aggregate
B) Water-cement ratio
C) Workability
D) Grade of cement
Answer: A) Type of aggregate
Explanation: Different aggregates expand differently at high temperature, affecting fire resistance.
Question 45: Which wood is commonly used for railway sleepers?
A) Deodar
B) Teak
C) Sal
D) Pine
Answer: C) Sal
Explanation: Sal wood is hard and durable, commonly used for railway sleepers.
Question 46: Refractory bricks are used in:
A) House walls
B) Chimneys and furnaces
C) Foundations
D) Road pavements
Answer: B) Chimneys and furnaces
Explanation: Refractory bricks can withstand high temperatures.
Question 47: Which of the following is not a pozzolanic material?
A) Fly ash
B) Blast furnace slag
C) Silica fume
D) Gypsum
Answer: D) Gypsum
Explanation: Gypsum is not pozzolanic; it is added to control setting of cement.
Question 48: The Le Chatelier test is used to determine:
A) Strength of cement
B) Fineness of cement
C) Soundness of cement
D) Setting time of cement
Answer: C) Soundness of cement
Explanation: It measures expansion of cement due to free lime or magnesia.
Question 49: The most commonly used stone in India for building work is:
A) Marble
B) Granite
C) Sandstone
D) Slate
Answer: C) Sandstone
Explanation: Sandstone is widely available and used in construction in India.
Question 50: The main use of surkhi is:
A) As binding material
B) As an aggregate
C) As pozzolana in lime mortar
D) As water proofing material
Answer: C) As pozzolana in lime mortar
Explanation: Surkhi reacts with lime to form strong and durable mortar.
Question 51: The specific gravity of cement is about:
A) 2.5
B) 3.15
C) 3.5
D) 4.0
Answer: B) 3.15
Explanation: Standard specific gravity of ordinary Portland cement is 3.15.
Question 52: The IS code for Portland cement is:
A) IS 383
B) IS 8112
C) IS 269
D) IS 456
Answer: C) IS 269
Explanation: IS 269 specifies requirements of ordinary Portland cement.
Question 53: The fineness modulus of fine aggregate is usually:
A) 1.5–2.5
B) 2.5–3.5
C) 3.5–4.5
D) 4.5–5.5
Answer: A) 1.5–2.5
Explanation: Fine aggregates like sand generally have FM between 2.0–2.5.
Question 54: Seasoning of timber reduces:
A) Strength
B) Durability
C) Weight
D) Workability
Answer: C) Weight
Explanation: Seasoning reduces moisture, making timber lighter and durable.
Question 55: Which stone is used as an abrasive?
A) Marble
B) Quartzite
C) Granite
D) Laterite
Answer: B) Quartzite
Explanation: Quartzite is very hard and used as abrasive stone.
Question 56: Bitumen of grade 80/100 means:
A) Penetration value between 80 and 100 mm
B) Softening point between 80 and 100 °C
C) Penetration value between 8 and 10 mm
D) None
Answer: A) Penetration value between 80 and 100 mm
Explanation: Bitumen grade shows depth (in tenths of mm) a needle penetrates.
Question 57: The initial setting time of quick setting cement is:
A) 5 min
B) 10 min
C) 30 min
D) 60 min
Answer: B) 10 min
Explanation: Quick setting cement sets within 10 minutes, useful for underwater works.
Question 58: The IS standard size of timber ballies is:
A) 1 m
B) 2 m
C) 3 m
D) 3.6 m
Answer: D) 3.6 m
Explanation: Ballies are round timbers, usually available in 3–3.6 m length.
Question 59: Which of the following increases workability of concrete?
A) Decreasing water content
B) Adding silica fume
C) Using rounded aggregate
D) Using flaky aggregate
Answer: C) Using rounded aggregate
Explanation: Rounded aggregates reduce friction and increase workability.
Question 60: Which cement is resistant to sulphate attack?
A) OPC
B) PPC
C) Rapid hardening cement
D) Sulphate resisting cement
Answer: D) Sulphate resisting cement
Explanation: It contains less C3A, making it resistant to sulphate attack.
Question 61: A good quality cement should have a soundness limit of:
A) 5 mm
B) 10 mm
C) 20 mm
D) 50 mm
Answer: B) 10 mm
Explanation: As per IS code, expansion should not exceed 10 mm.
Question 62: The density of steel is approximately:
A) 6000 kg/m³
B) 7850 kg/m³
C) 9000 kg/m³
D) 12000 kg/m³
Answer: B) 7850 kg/m³
Explanation: Standard density of mild steel is about 7850 kg/m³.
Question 63: The main purpose of adding admixtures in concrete is:
A) To reduce cost
B) To improve properties
C) To increase cement content
D) To reduce aggregates
Answer: B) To improve properties
Explanation: Admixtures improve workability, durability, and strength.
Question 64: The main use of blast furnace slag in cement is:
A) To increase setting time
B) To improve sulphate resistance
C) To increase strength
D) To improve whiteness
Answer: B) To improve sulphate resistance
Explanation: Slag cement is resistant to chemical attacks.
Question 65: Which rock is used in making railway ballast?
A) Sandstone
B) Marble
C) Granite
D) Laterite
Answer: C) Granite
Explanation: Granite is hard and durable, ideal for railway ballast.
Question 66: The percentage of silica in good brick earth should be:
A) 20–30%
B) 40–60%
C) 70–80%
D) 90–95%
Answer: B) 40–60%
Explanation: Silica provides strength and prevents cracking.
Question 67: The sound produced when two good quality bricks are struck together should be:
A) Dull thud
B) Metallic ringing sound
C) No sound
D) Cracking sound
Answer: B) Metallic ringing sound
Explanation: Good quality bricks give a clear ringing sound.
Question 68: Which type of glass is used in laboratory apparatus?
A) Soda-lime glass
B) Pyrex glass
C) Safety glass
D) Optical glass
Answer: B) Pyrex glass
Explanation: Pyrex glass resists heat and chemicals.
Question 69: Curing of concrete is done to:
A) Remove heat of hydration
B) Reduce shrinkage
C) Gain full strength
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Curing retains moisture, reduces shrinkage, and ensures proper strength.
Question 70: The minimum water-cement ratio for hydration of cement is:
A) 0.15
B) 0.23
C) 0.40
D) 0.50
Answer: B) 0.23
Explanation: 23% water by weight of cement is required for complete hydration.
Question 71: Quicklime is chemically:
A) CaO
B) Ca(OH)₂
C) CaCO₃
D) CaSO₄
Answer: A) CaO
Explanation: Quicklime is calcium oxide.
Question 72: The color of granite is usually:
A) White or pink
B) Blue or green
C) Yellow or brown
D) Black
Answer: A) White or pink
Explanation: Granite usually appears in white, grey, or pink shades.
Question 73: Which wood is most durable for outdoor works?
A) Sal
B) Teak
C) Pine
D) Deodar
Answer: B) Teak
Explanation: Teak is highly durable and resistant to insects.
Question 74: Which cement is suitable for massive concrete structures like dams?
A) Quick setting cement
B) Low heat cement
C) PPC
D) OPC
Answer: B) Low heat cement
Explanation: Low heat cement reduces heat of hydration and cracking.
Question 75: The IS code for concrete mix design is:
A) IS 269
B) IS 383
C) IS 10262
D) IS 456
Answer: C) IS 10262
Explanation: IS 10262 specifies guidelines for concrete mix proportioning.
Question 76: The common impurity in cement affecting soundness is:
A) Silica
B) Magnesia
C) Alumina
D) Gypsum
Answer: B) Magnesia
Explanation: Excess MgO causes unsoundness and cracks.
Question 77: The moisture content of timber at dry state is about:
A) 5–10%
B) 10–15%
C) 20–25%
D) 30–35%
Answer: A) 5–10%
Explanation: Properly seasoned timber has about 5–10% moisture.
Question 78: The best variety of marble is found in:
A) Jaipur
B) Jodhpur
C) Makrana
D) Mysore
Answer: C) Makrana
Explanation: Makrana marble is world-famous for its quality.
Question 79: Which aggregate test measures toughness?
A) Crushing test
B) Impact test
C) Abrasion test
D) Soundness test
Answer: B) Impact test
Explanation: Impact test determines toughness of aggregate.
Question 80: Lime concrete is used in:
A) Foundations
B) Roof terracing
C) Water retaining structures
D) Road base
Answer: B) Roof terracing
Explanation: Lime concrete is used for waterproofing roof terraces.
Question 81: The cement clinker is cooled in:
A) Rotary kiln
B) Rotary cooler
C) Ball mill
D) Crusher
Answer: B) Rotary cooler
Explanation: Clinker from kiln is cooled in rotary coolers.
Question 82: Gypsum plaster is also called:
A) POP
B) Surkhi
C) Portland cement
D) Lime mortar
Answer: A) POP
Explanation: Plaster of Paris is obtained by heating gypsum.
Question 83: The main constituent of paint is:
A) Pigment
B) Vehicle
C) Filler
D) Drier
Answer: B) Vehicle
Explanation: Vehicle forms a film and holds pigments.
Question 84: Which pigment gives red color to paint?
A) Zinc oxide
B) Red lead
C) Titanium dioxide
D) Iron oxide
Answer: B) Red lead
Explanation: Red lead pigment imparts red color.
Question 85: The pH value of potable water should be between:
A) 4–6
B) 6.5–8.5
C) 8.5–10
D) 10–12
Answer: B) 6.5–8.5
Explanation: Potable water should be near neutral pH.
Question 86: The main function of alum in water treatment is:
A) Softening
B) Coagulation
C) Filtration
D) Sterilization
Answer: B) Coagulation
Explanation: Alum coagulates impurities making them settle.
Question 87: Which type of cement is suitable for cold weather concreting?
A) Low heat cement
B) Rapid hardening cement
C) Quick setting cement
D) Sulphate resisting cement
Answer: B) Rapid hardening cement
Explanation: Rapid hardening cement gains strength quickly in cold weather.
Question 88: The process of hardening of cement paste is known as:
A) Setting
B) Hydration
C) Curing
D) Strengthening
Answer: B) Hydration
Explanation: Hydration is chemical reaction between cement and water.
Question 89: The percentage of water absorption of first-class bricks should not exceed:
A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%
Answer: B) 15%
Explanation: As per IS code, first-class bricks should absorb <15 p="" water.="">
Question 90: Which cement contains high percentage of C3S?
A) OPC
Question 90: Which cement contains high percentage of C3S?
A) OPC
B) Rapid hardening cement
C) PPC
D) Low heat cement
Answer: B) Rapid hardening cement
Explanation: Higher C3S increases early strength.
Question 91: The main function of admixture "retarder" is:
A) To increase strength
B) To delay setting
C) To reduce water
D) To improve bond
Answer: B) To delay setting
Explanation: Retarders are useful in hot weather concreting.
Question 92: Which wood defect is caused by improper seasoning?
A) Knots
B) Shakes
C) Warping
D) Dry rot
Answer: C) Warping
Explanation: Warping occurs when timber dries unevenly.
Question 93: Which is not an artificial stone?
A) Cement concrete
B) Mosaic tiles
C) Marble
D) Terrazzo
Answer: C) Marble
Explanation: Marble is natural stone; others are artificial.
Question 94: The durability of concrete improves with:
A) Higher W/C ratio
B) Proper curing
C) Higher porosity
D) Lower grade cement
Answer: B) Proper curing
Explanation: Proper curing reduces cracks and improves durability.
Question 95: The approximate density of cement is:
A) 1000 kg/m³
B) 1440 kg/m³
C) 2000 kg/m³
D) 3150 kg/m³
Answer: B) 1440 kg/m³
Explanation: Bulk density of cement is about 1440 kg/m³.
Question 96: Which is the lightest building material?
A) Brick
B) Timber
C) Aluminum
D) Steel
Answer: B) Timber
Explanation: Timber is lighter compared to brick, steel, and aluminum.
Question 97: The fire resistance of timber can be improved by:
A) Seasoning
B) Watering
C) Chemical treatment
D) Painting
Answer: C) Chemical treatment
Explanation: Fire retardant chemicals are applied to timber.
Question 98: The fineness of cement is measured by:
A) Vicat apparatus
B) Blaine’s air permeability method
C) Le Chatelier test
D) Slump test
Answer: B) Blaine’s air permeability method
Explanation: Blaine’s method measures surface area of cement particles.
Question 99: Which aggregate is undesirable in concrete?
A) Rounded aggregate
B) Angular aggregate
C) Flaky aggregate
D) Cubical aggregate
Answer: C) Flaky aggregate
Explanation: Flaky and elongated aggregates reduce strength.
Question 100: The main ingredient of Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) is:
A) Cement clinker + gypsum + pozzolana
B) Lime + pozzolana
C) Clay + lime + iron oxide
D) Gypsum + alumina
Answer: A) Cement clinker + gypsum + pozzolana
Explanation: PPC is made by grinding OPC clinker with gypsum and pozzolanic material like fly ash.
Question 101: Which rock is known as primary building stone?
A) Granite
B) Marble
C) Slate
D) Sandstone
Answer: A) Granite
Explanation: Granite is strong, durable, and extensively used in construction as a primary building stone.
Question 102: The main constituent of glass is:
A) Lime
B) Silica
C) Soda
D) Alumina
Answer: B) Silica
Explanation: Glass is primarily made of silica (SiO₂), mixed with soda and lime.
Question 103: Plywood is made from:
A) Single wood piece
B) Thin wood veneers glued together
C) Wood powder pressed
D) Timber blocks
Answer: B) Thin wood veneers glued together
Explanation: Plywood is manufactured by gluing thin layers (veneers) of wood with grains at right angles.
Question 104: The most fire-resistant type of glass is:
A) Laminated glass
B) Wired glass
C) Tinted glass
D) Tempered glass
Answer: B) Wired glass
Explanation: Wired glass contains embedded wire mesh, making it fire-resistant and preventing shattering.
Question 105: Lime which sets in presence of air only is:
A) Hydraulic lime
B) Fat lime
C) Quick lime
D) Poor lime
Answer: B) Fat lime
Explanation: Fat lime is non-hydraulic and sets slowly only in air by absorbing CO₂.
Question 106: The initial setting time of gypsum is:
A) 2–5 min
B) 8–10 min
C) 25–30 min
D) 45–60 min
Answer: A) 2–5 min
Explanation: Gypsum sets very quickly and is used in plastering and false ceilings.
Question 107: Slaked lime is chemically known as:
A) CaCO₃
B) CaSO₄
C) Ca(OH)₂
D) CaO
Answer: C) Ca(OH)₂
Explanation: Slaked lime is calcium hydroxide formed by mixing quicklime (CaO) with water.
Question 108: Which type of paint is best for metallic surfaces?
A) Oil paint
B) Emulsion paint
C) Aluminum paint
D) Distemper
Answer: C) Aluminum paint
Explanation: Aluminum paint prevents corrosion and gives a reflective finish to metals.
Question 109: Pozzolanic materials react with:
A) Calcium hydroxide
B) Silica
C) Magnesium
D) Iron oxides
Answer: A) Calcium hydroxide
Explanation: Pozzolanas react with Ca(OH)₂ in the presence of water to form cementitious compounds.
Question 110: The hardest building stone is:
A) Limestone
B) Granite
C) Marble
D) Slate
Answer: B) Granite
Explanation: Granite is extremely hard and durable, used in heavy construction works.
Question 111: The fineness modulus of sand ranges between:
A) 0.5–1.0
B) 2.0–3.5
C) 4.0–5.0
D) 6.0–7.5
Answer: B) 2.0–3.5
Explanation: Sand for concrete has FM in this range; it indicates average particle size.
Question 112: Which test is conducted to check ductility of bitumen?
A) Penetration test
B) Ring & Ball test
C) Ductility test
D) Softening point test
Answer: C) Ductility test
Explanation: Ductility test measures the distance bitumen can be stretched before breaking.
Question 113: Most commonly used roofing material in rural India is:
A) Slate
B) Thatch
C) Tiles
D) Asbestos sheet
Answer: B) Thatch
Explanation: Thatch (dried leaves/straw) is still common in rural huts due to low cost.
Question 114: The specific gravity of cement is:
A) 2.5
B) 2.7
C) 3.15
D) 4.0
Answer: C) 3.15
Explanation: Ordinary Portland cement has a specific gravity of around 3.15.
Question 115: Which lime is used in white washing?
A) Hydraulic lime
B) Fat lime
C) Quick lime
D) Poor lime
Answer: B) Fat lime
Explanation: Fat lime provides good plasticity and smooth finish in whitewash.
Question 116: The cement soundness test is performed using:
A) Le Chatelier apparatus
B) Vicat apparatus
C) Blaine’s apparatus
D) Flow table
Answer: A) Le Chatelier apparatus
Explanation: It checks the expansion of cement after setting.
Question 117: Which is the main ingredient in plaster of Paris?
A) Gypsum
B) Lime
C) Cement
D) Silica
Answer: A) Gypsum
Explanation: Plaster of Paris is obtained by heating gypsum to about 150°C.
Question 118: Glass panes are joined using:
A) Lime putty
B) Cement mortar
C) White lead
D) Gypsum paste
Answer: C) White lead
Explanation: Traditionally white lead is used for fixing glass panes in window frames.
Question 119: The process of removing sap from timber is called:
A) Seasoning
B) Felling
C) Conversion
D) Preservation
Answer: A) Seasoning
Explanation: Seasoning reduces moisture content, making timber durable.
Question 120: The fireproof building material among the following is:
A) Asbestos
B) Timber
C) Plastic
D) Plywood
Answer: A) Asbestos
Explanation: Asbestos is highly fire-resistant and used in roofing and insulation.
Question 121: The process of heating limestone to obtain lime is called:
A) Calcination
B) Slaking
C) Hydration
D) Seasoning
Answer: A) Calcination
Explanation: On heating limestone (CaCO₃), CO₂ escapes and quick lime (CaO) is formed.
Question 122: The compressive strength of first-class bricks should not be less than:
A) 7.5 N/mm²
B) 10 N/mm²
C) 15 N/mm²
D) 20 N/mm²
Answer: C) 15 N/mm²
Explanation: IS specifications require minimum 15 N/mm² strength for first-class bricks.
Question 123: Timber obtained from coniferous trees is generally:
A) Hard wood
B) Soft wood
C) Seasoned wood
D) Artificial wood
Answer: B) Soft wood
Explanation: Coniferous trees (pine, deodar) give softwood, light and easy to work with.
Question 124: The commonly used admixture in concrete for water reduction is:
A) Accelerator
B) Retarder
C) Plasticizer
D) Pozzolana
Answer: C) Plasticizer
Explanation: Plasticizers reduce water demand and increase workability of concrete.
Question 125: The unit weight of structural steel is approximately:
A) 62 kN/m³
B) 55 kN/m³
C) 78.5 kN/m³
D) 24 kN/m³
Answer: C) 78.5 kN/m³
Explanation: Density of steel is ~7850 kg/m³, i.e. 78.5 kN/m³.
Question 126: The most durable variety of timber is:
A) Sal
B) Teak
C) Deodar
D) Pine
Answer: B) Teak
Explanation: Teak is highly durable, resistant to insects, and used for high-quality works.
Question 127: Which test on cement is performed using Vicat apparatus?
A) Setting time test
B) Soundness test
C) Strength test
D) Fineness test
Answer: A) Setting time test
Explanation: Vicat apparatus is used for initial and final setting times of cement.
Question 128: A good quality building stone should have specific gravity more than:
A) 1.8
B) 2.2
C) 2.6
D) 3.0
Answer: C) 2.6
Explanation: Strong stones like granite and basalt have SG > 2.6.
Question 129: Which metal has highest corrosion resistance?
A) Copper
B) Aluminum
C) Stainless steel
D) Lead
Answer: C) Stainless steel
Explanation: Due to chromium oxide film, stainless steel resists rusting and corrosion.
Question 130: Quick setting cement contains:
A) Higher percentage of gypsum
B) Higher percentage of C₃A
C) Lower percentage of gypsum
D) Lower percentage of C₂S
Answer: B) Higher percentage of C₃A
Explanation: C₃A accelerates hydration, making cement set quickly.
Question 131: Which is the lightest building material?
A) Steel
B) Brick
C) Timber
D) Aluminum
Answer: C) Timber
Explanation: Timber has much lower density compared to other materials.
Question 132: The expansion of bricks on heating is tested by:
A) Efflorescence test
B) Warpage test
C) Pyrometric test
D) Dimensional stability test
Answer: C) Pyrometric test
Explanation: Pyrometric test determines refractory behavior of bricks at high temperature.
Question 133: Which cement is suitable for massive concrete works like dams?
A) OPC 43 grade
B) Low-heat cement
C) Sulphate resisting cement
D) PPC
Answer: B) Low-heat cement
Explanation: Low heat cement reduces risk of thermal cracking in mass concrete.
Question 134: The main advantage of hollow concrete blocks is:
A) Aesthetic look
B) Less weight & thermal insulation
C) Higher compressive strength
D) High cost
Answer: B) Less weight & thermal insulation
Explanation: Hollow blocks are lighter, economical, and provide better insulation.
Question 135: The natural cement is obtained by:
A) Burning argillaceous limestone
B) Mixing lime and clay artificially
C) Adding gypsum to clinker
D) Burning silica separately
Answer: A) Burning argillaceous limestone
Explanation: Natural cement is produced by calcining argillaceous limestone.
Question 136: Fly ash is a:
A) Natural pozzolana
B) Artificial pozzolana
C) Admixture
D) Binding agent
Answer: B) Artificial pozzolana
Explanation: Fly ash is a by-product of thermal power plants and acts as artificial pozzolana.
Question 137: In paint, the vehicle is:
A) Solvent
B) Base material
C) Oil or resin
D) Pigment
Answer: C) Oil or resin
Explanation: Vehicle carries pigment and helps it spread uniformly.
Question 138: Slate is a:
A) Igneous rock
B) Sedimentary rock
C) Metamorphic rock
D) Artificial stone
Answer: C) Metamorphic rock
Explanation: Slate is formed from metamorphosed shale and used for roofing.
Question 139: Bitumen is soluble in:
A) Water
B) Carbon tetrachloride
C) Lime water
D) Alcohol
Answer: B) Carbon tetrachloride
Explanation: Bitumen is insoluble in water but dissolves in carbon tetrachloride.
Question 140: Which defect in timber is caused by fungus?
A) Knot
B) Check
C) Dry rot
D) Warp
Answer: C) Dry rot
Explanation: Dry rot is timber decay caused by fungal attack.
Question 141: The process of applying thin plaster coat to hide surface defects is called:
A) Rendering
B) Pointing
C) Finishing
D) Whitewashing
Answer: A) Rendering
Explanation: Rendering smoothens surface and hides small defects.
Question 142: Acid-resistant bricks are used in:
A) Foundations
B) Sewers
C) Chimneys
D) Chemical plants
Answer: D) Chemical plants
Explanation: Acid-resistant bricks resist corrosion in chemical environments.
Question 143: The cement mostly used for plastering is:
A) OPC 33 grade
B) OPC 53 grade
C) Rapid hardening cement
D) PPC
Answer: D) PPC
Explanation: PPC provides smoother finish, lower heat, and durability, hence used in plastering.
Question 144: Distemper differs from paint because it does not contain:
A) Pigment
B) Base
C) Vehicle
D) Solvent
Answer: C) Vehicle
Explanation: Distemper is water-based, no oil/resin vehicle is used.
Question 145: A very low heat conducting material is:
A) Aluminum
B) Glass wool
C) Concrete
D) Granite
Answer: B) Glass wool
Explanation: Glass wool is used as thermal insulation.
Question 146: The term “frog” in bricks refers to:
A) A defect in brick
B) A mark on brick
C) Depression on top face
D) Rough surface texture
Answer: C) Depression on top face
Explanation: Frog helps in better bond with mortar.
Question 147: Seasoning of timber reduces:
A) Strength
B) Weight
C) Durability
D) Cost
Answer: B) Weight
Explanation: Seasoning removes moisture, reducing weight and increasing durability.
Question 148: For lining sewers, the best type of cement is:
A) OPC
B) Low heat cement
C) Sulphate resisting cement
D) Quick setting cement
Answer: C) Sulphate resisting cement
Explanation: Sewers are exposed to sulphates, hence sulphate resisting cement is used.
Question 149: Which aggregate is preferred for RCC?
A) Rounded aggregate
B) Angular aggregate
C) Flaky aggregate
D) Elongated aggregate
Answer: B) Angular aggregate
Explanation: Angular aggregates provide better bond and strength in RCC.
Question 150: Which metal is used in making electric wires?
A) Aluminum
B) Copper
C) Steel
D) Zinc
Answer: B) Copper
Explanation: Copper is highly conductive and ductile, hence widely used in wires.
Question 151: The color of good quality cement is:
A) Black
B) Bluish grey
C) Brown
D) White
Answer: B) Bluish grey
Explanation: Ordinary Portland Cement has a characteristic bluish-grey color.
Question 152: Which stone is best suitable for flooring?
A) Laterite
B) Marble
C) Shale
D) Slate
Answer: B) Marble
Explanation: Marble is durable, aesthetic, and easily polished, hence used for flooring.
Question 153: Gypsum is added to cement to:
A) Reduce strength
B) Increase strength
C) Delay setting
D) Speed up setting
Answer: C) Delay setting
Explanation: Gypsum controls flash setting by regulating hydration of C₃A.
Question 154: The bulk density of loose sand is approximately:
A) 1200–1300 kg/m³
B) 1400–1600 kg/m³
C) 1700–1800 kg/m³
D) 2000–2200 kg/m³
Answer: B) 1400–1600 kg/m³
Explanation: Loose sand has density in this range; compacted sand is denser.
Question 155: In brickwork, efflorescence is caused by:
A) Excess of iron
B) Excess of lime
C) Soluble salts
D) Excess of alumina
Answer: C) Soluble salts
Explanation: Soluble salts crystallize on surface of bricks, causing efflorescence.
Question 156: The main constituent of Portland cement is:
A) Silica
B) Lime
C) Alumina
D) Iron oxide
Answer: B) Lime
Explanation: About 60–67% lime is present in cement clinker.
Question 157: Fire clay bricks can withstand temperature up to:
A) 600°C
B) 1000°C
C) 1500°C
D) 3000°C
Answer: C) 1500°C
Explanation: Fire bricks are refractory and resist high furnace temperatures.
Question 158: Which wood is most commonly used for making doors and windows?
A) Teak
B) Pine
C) Mango
D) Deodar
Answer: A) Teak
Explanation: Teak is strong, durable, termite-resistant and used in joinery.
Question 159: The paint suitable for outer surfaces exposed to weather is:
A) Oil paint
B) Emulsion paint
C) Aluminum paint
D) Cement paint
Answer: D) Cement paint
Explanation: Cement paint is durable, water-resistant and suitable for exterior walls.
Question 160: A thin sheet of glass with uniform thickness is called:
A) Wired glass
B) Plate glass
C) Laminated glass
D) Tinted glass
Answer: B) Plate glass
Explanation: Plate glass is smooth, flat, and used in windows and doors.
Question 161: Which brick is used for ornamental works?
A) Fire brick
B) Facing brick
C) Engineering brick
D) Refractory brick
Answer: B) Facing brick
Explanation: Facing bricks are manufactured for aesthetic appearance.
Question 162: The compound C₃S in cement is responsible for:
A) Early strength
B) Long-term strength
C) Durability
D) Workability
Answer: A) Early strength
Explanation: Tricalcium silicate provides early strength to cement.
Question 163: Which cement is preferred in cold weather concreting?
A) PPC
B) Quick setting cement
C) Low heat cement
D) OPC 33 grade
Answer: B) Quick setting cement
Explanation: Quick setting cement allows faster hardening in cold weather.
Question 164: The preservation of timber by pressure method is called:
A) Brushing
B) Spraying
C) Creosoting
D) Charring
Answer: C) Creosoting
Explanation: Creosote oil under pressure penetrates wood, making it durable.
Question 165: Which metal is most suitable for roofing sheets?
A) Steel
B) Copper
C) Zinc
D) Aluminum
Answer: D) Aluminum
Explanation: Aluminum sheets are light, corrosion-resistant, and widely used in roofing.
Question 166: The most common defect in seasoned timber is:
A) Knot
B) Warping
C) Shake
D) Twist
Answer: B) Warping
Explanation: Uneven drying causes warping of timber sections.
Question 167: The binder in distemper is:
A) Lime
B) Oil
C) Resin
D) Gypsum
Answer: A) Lime
Explanation: Distemper is a water-based paint in which lime acts as binder.
Question 168: The rock which is most suitable for road metal is:
A) Granite
B) Limestone
C) Sandstone
D) Laterite
Answer: A) Granite
Explanation: Granite is hard, durable, and provides good resistance to wear.
Question 169: The minimum crushing strength of 1st class bricks is:
A) 7.5 N/mm²
B) 10 N/mm²
C) 15 N/mm²
D) 20 N/mm²
Answer: C) 15 N/mm²
Explanation: IS specifications state 15 N/mm² for first-class bricks.
Question 170: Which aggregate shape gives maximum strength to concrete?
A) Rounded
B) Angular
C) Flaky
D) Elongated
Answer: B) Angular
Explanation: Angular aggregates interlock well, providing maximum strength.
Question 171: Acid-resisting cement contains high percentage of:
A) Lime
B) Silica
C) Alumina
D) Gypsum
Answer: B) Silica
Explanation: Silica resists acidic attacks in such cements.
Question 172: The commonly used waterproofing material for roofs is:
A) Cement slurry
B) Bitumen
C) Lime
D) Plaster of Paris
Answer: B) Bitumen
Explanation: Bitumen provides an impermeable waterproofing coat.
Question 173: The defect in timber due to rapid drying is called:
A) Warp
B) Check
C) Knot
D) Sap stain
Answer: B) Check
Explanation: Checks are small cracks formed due to rapid drying.
Question 174: Marble is mainly composed of:
A) Silica
B) Lime
C) Alumina
D) Iron oxide
Answer: B) Lime
Explanation: Marble is metamorphic rock formed from limestone (CaCO₃).
Question 175: The rock formed by cooling of lava on surface is:
A) Intrusive igneous rock
B) Extrusive igneous rock
C) Sedimentary rock
D) Metamorphic rock
Answer: B) Extrusive igneous rock
Explanation: Rocks like basalt are formed from lava cooling on earth’s surface.
Question 176: Which cement is used for under-water construction?
A) Quick setting cement
B) Low heat cement
C) Hydrophobic cement
D) High alumina cement
Answer: A) Quick setting cement
Explanation: Quick setting cement is suitable for works in running water.
Question 177: The main constituent of glass is:
A) Sand
B) Lime
C) Soda
D) Alumina
Answer: A) Sand
Explanation: Sand (silica) is the chief raw material for glass.
Question 178: The defect of bricks due to uneven burning is:
A) Bloating
B) Warping
C) Black core
D) Efflorescence
Answer: C) Black core
Explanation: Black core forms inside bricks when burning is uneven or incomplete.
Question 179: The density of aluminum is about:
A) 2.7 g/cc
B) 5.2 g/cc
C) 7.85 g/cc
D) 11.3 g/cc
Answer: A) 2.7 g/cc
Explanation: Aluminum is light metal with density 2.7 g/cc.
Question 180: The test used to determine hardness of stones is:
A) Smith’s test
B) Attrition test
C) Crushing test
D) Impact test
Answer: B) Attrition test
Explanation: Attrition test measures resistance of stones to wear.
Question 181: The quicklime is chemically:
A) CaCO₃
B) Ca(OH)₂
C) CaO
D) CaSO₄
Answer: C) CaO
Explanation: Quicklime is calcium oxide obtained by calcination.
Question 182: The term veneer is associated with:
A) Cement
B) Glass
C) Timber
D) Plastic
Answer: C) Timber
Explanation: Veneer is a thin sheet of superior wood used for plywood.
Question 183: Sand used in mortar should be:
A) Fine sand
B) Coarse sand
C) Clean and well-graded
D) Clayey
Answer: C) Clean and well-graded
Explanation: Clean, graded sand improves bonding and reduces shrinkage.
Question 184: The defect in timber caused by growth of branches is:
A) Knot
B) Shake
C) Split
D) Twist
Answer: A) Knot
Explanation: Knot appears as circular marks where branches grew.
Question 185: Lead is used in building construction for:
A) Roofing
B) Damp-proofing
C) Flooring
D) Windows
Answer: B) Damp-proofing
Explanation: Lead sheets are durable and used in damp-proof courses.
Question 186: Most commonly used flooring material in industrial buildings is:
A) Timber
B) Marble
C) Concrete
D) Mosaic
Answer: C) Concrete
Explanation: Concrete flooring is strong, durable, and economical for industries.
Question 187: The property of stone used in road works is:
A) Durability
B) Toughness
C) Hardness
D) All of these
Answer: D) All of these
Explanation: Road stones must be durable, tough, and hard.
Question 188: Which cement is suitable for marine structures?
A) OPC
B) Rapid hardening cement
C) Sulphate resisting cement
D) Quick setting cement
Answer: C) Sulphate resisting cement
Explanation: It resists sulphate attack in seawater.
Question 189: The commercial name of calcium sulphate hemihydrate is:
A) Gypsum
B) Plaster of Paris
C) Lime
D) Cement
Answer: B) Plaster of Paris
Explanation: Heating gypsum forms calcium sulphate hemihydrate, i.e. POP.
Question 190: Which is a non-hydraulic lime?
A) Fat lime
B) Hydraulic lime
C) Poor lime
D) Quick lime
Answer: A) Fat lime
Explanation: Fat lime sets only in air, hence non-hydraulic.
Question 191: Artificial stones are made from:
A) Sand only
B) Cement concrete
C) Lime
D) Clay
Answer: B) Cement concrete
Explanation: Artificial stones are cast using cement concrete and finished to resemble natural stones.
Question 192: The metal used for making solder is:
A) Lead + Zinc
B) Lead + Tin
C) Copper + Aluminum
D) Zinc + Iron
Answer: B) Lead + Tin
Explanation: Solder is an alloy of lead and tin, used for joining metals.
Question 193: The term “quarrying” is related to:
A) Cement
B) Lime
C) Stones
D) Timber
Answer: C) Stones
Explanation: Quarrying is the process of taking out stones from natural rock beds.
Question 194: Which is not a good conductor of electricity?
A) Copper
B) Silver
C) Aluminum
D) Timber
Answer: D) Timber
Explanation: Timber is an insulator, not a conductor.
Question 195: The method of preservation of timber by charring is used for:
A) Underground works
B) Roof trusses
C) Flooring
D) Polishing
Answer: A) Underground works
Explanation: Charring surface of timber prevents decay in underground use.
Question 196: The main raw material of Portland cement is:
A) Lime and clay
B) Lime and sand
C) Lime and gypsum
D) Lime and slag
Answer: A) Lime and clay
Explanation: Cement clinker is obtained from limestone and clay.
Question 197: Which of the following is an artificial building material?
A) Marble
B) Slate
C) Brick
D) Granite
Answer: C) Brick
Explanation: Bricks are man-made artificial building units.
Question 198: The defect in timber due to twisting of fibers is called:
A) Knot
B) Shake
C) Warp
D) Twist
Answer: D) Twist
Explanation: Twist occurs when fibers spiral along the timber.
Question 199: The process of coating steel with zinc is called:
A) Galvanizing
B) Sherardizing
C) Electroplating
D) Enameling
Answer: A) Galvanizing
Explanation: Galvanizing protects steel from corrosion by coating it with zinc.
Question 200: The IS code for specification of OPC is:
A) IS 269
B) IS 456
C) IS 383
D) IS 800
Answer: A) IS 269
Explanation: IS 269 specifies requirements for Ordinary Portland Cement.
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